Nicosia, the capital city of Cyprus, is a unique and fascinating destination, offering a blend of rich history, cultural diversity, and vibrant urban life. Situated at the heart of the island, Nicosia is the last divided capital in Europe, reflecting a complex history and a unique geopolitical situation. The city’s blend of ancient heritage and modernity provides an intriguing experience for visitors.

The History of Nicosia

Nicosia's history spans over a millennium, with its origins tracing back to ancient times. Originally known as Ledra, the city was an important center in ancient Cyprus. During the Byzantine period, Nicosia emerged as a significant urban center, and it continued to grow under the rule of various empires, including the Lusignans and the Venetians.

The city’s strategic location made it a focal point of conflict and influence during the Ottoman and British periods. In 1571, Nicosia fell to the Ottomans, and it remained under Ottoman rule until Cyprus was annexed by Britain in 1878. The city’s rich architectural and cultural heritage reflects its varied history, including its medieval walls, Ottoman mosques, and colonial buildings.

In 1960, Cyprus gained independence from Britain, and Nicosia became the capital of the newly established Republic of Cyprus. However, in 1974, a Turkish invasion following a coup d'état by Greek Cypriots led to the division of the city into the Greek Cypriot south and the Turkish Cypriot north. Today, the city remains divided, with the Green Line acting as the de facto border.

Places to Visit in Nicosia

1. The Cyprus Museum

The Cyprus Museum is the island’s largest and oldest archaeological museum, housing an extensive collection of artifacts from ancient Cyprus. The museum’s exhibits include statues, pottery, jewelry, and coins from various historical periods, including the Neolithic, Roman, and Byzantine eras. Highlights include the statue of Aphrodite of Soli and the Cypriot collection of ancient art.

2. Nicosia's Venetian Walls

The Venetian Walls of Nicosia are an impressive fortification system built by the Venetians in the 16th century to protect the city from invaders. The walls are a notable example of Renaissance military architecture and include a series of bastions and gates. Visitors can walk along the walls and explore the fortifications, which offer panoramic views of the city.

3. Selimiye Mosque

Selimiye Mosque, formerly known as the Cathedral of Saint Sophia, is one of the most significant historical landmarks in Nicosia. Originally built as a Gothic cathedral in the 13th century, it was converted into a mosque following the Ottoman conquest in 1571. The mosque’s striking architecture and historical significance make it a must-visit site.

4. Buyuk Han

Buyuk Han, or the Great Inn, is a well-preserved Ottoman caravanserai located in the northern part of Nicosia. Built in the 16th century, the inn served as a resting place for travelers and traders. Today, Buyuk Han has been restored and houses a variety of shops, cafes, and art galleries, making it a vibrant cultural and social hub.

5. The Ledra Sreet Crossing Point

The Ledra Street Crossing Point is one of the main border crossings between the Greek Cypriot south and the Turkish Cypriot north of Nicosia. The crossing allows visitors to experience the divided nature of the city firsthand and offers insights into the ongoing political situation. The area around Ledra Street is bustling with shops, restaurants, and cafes.

6. Kyrenia Gate

Kyrenia Gate is one of the original gates in the Venetian city walls of Nicosia. Built in the 16th century, the gate was designed to provide access to the city and is an important historical landmark. The gate has been preserved and serves as a reminder of the city’s medieval fortifications.

7. Museum of the History of Cypriot Coinage

The Museum of the History of Cypriot Coinage is located within the Cyprus Museum and focuses specifically on the history and evolution of Cypriot coinage. The museum’s collection includes coins from ancient Cyprus to the modern era, providing insights into the island’s economic and historical development.

8. The Archnishop's Palace

The Archbishop’s Palace, located in the southern part of the city, is the official residence of the Greek Orthodox Archbishop of Cyprus. The palace features a blend of traditional and modern architecture and includes beautiful gardens and chapels. Although the palace itself is not open to the public, visitors can explore the surrounding area and enjoy the architectural beauty of the building.

9. St. John's Cathedral

St. John’s Cathedral, also known as the Cathedral of Saint John, is a historic Greek Orthodox church located in Nicosia. The cathedral features impressive frescoes and iconography, and it is an important religious site for the Greek Orthodox community. Its intricate interior and historical significance make it a notable landmark.

10. Famagusta Gate

Famagusta Gate is another key gate in the Venetian city walls of Nicosia. Originally constructed in the 16th century, the gate has been restored and now serves as a cultural and exhibition space. It is a significant example of Venetian military architecture and a prominent feature of the city’s historical landscape.

Conclusion

Nicosia is a city of contrasts, where ancient history, medieval fortifications, and modern urban life coexist. From the impressive Venetian Walls and the historic Selimiye Mosque to the cultural vibrancy of Buyuk Han and the bustling Ledra Street Crossing Point, Nicosia offers a rich tapestry of experiences for visitors. Its unique status as a divided city adds an intriguing layer to its cultural and historical significance, making it a fascinating destination in the heart of Cyprus.